What is Manganese?

Manganese

Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

7 11

Period Number

4 4

Block

d block

Element Family

Transition Metal

CAS Number

7439965 82

Space Group Name

I_ 43m

Space Group Number

217.00 5

Facts

Interesting Facts

Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.

Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

History

Who Discovered

Johann Gottlieb Gahn

Discovery

In 1774

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 % 9

Abundance In Sun

0.00 % 8

Abundance In Meteorites

0.27 % 8

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.11 % 8

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 % 13

Abundance In Humans

0.00 % 15

Uses

Uses & Benefits

This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.

Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Other Uses

Alloys

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Toxic

Present in Human Body

Yes

In Blood

0.08 Blood/mg dm-3 14

In Bone

100.00 p.p.m. 8

Physical

Melting Point

1,245.00 °C 37

Boiling Point

1,962.00 °C 53

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silver

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

6.00 6

Brinell Hardness

196.00 MPa 51

Vickers Hardness

196.00 MPa 55

Speed of Sound

5,150.00 m/s 11

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

2.00 15

Reflectivity

70.00 % 13

Allotropes

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

21 18

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.55 26

Sanderson Electronegativity

2.20 8

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.60 10

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.55 23

Allen Electronegativity

1.75 18

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.45 29

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

717.30 kJ/mol 30

2nd Energy Level

1,509.00 kJ/mol 40

3rd Energy Level

3,248.00 kJ/mol 21

4th Energy Level

4,940.00 kJ/mol 30

5th Energy Level

6,990.00 kJ/mol 29

6th Energy Level

9,220.00 kJ/mol 22

7th Energy level

11,500.00 kJ/mol 16

8th Energy Level

18,770.00 kJ/mol 5

9th Energy Level

21,400.00 kJ/mol 6

10th Energy Level

23,960.00 kJ/mol 9

11th Energy Level

27,590.00 kJ/mol 10

12th Energy Level

30,330.00 kJ/mol 32

13th Energy Level

33,150.00 kJ/mol 11

14th Energy Level

38,880.00 kJ/mol 10

15th Energy Level

41,987.00 kJ/mol 81

16th Energy Level

109,480.00 kJ/mol 1

17th Energy Level

118,100.00 kJ/mol 2

18th Energy Level

127,100.00 kJ/mol 3

19th Energy Level

138,600.00 kJ/mol 4

20th Energy Level

148,500.00 kJ/mol 6

21st Energy Level

158,600.00 kJ/mol 6

22nd Energy Level

172,500.00 kJ/mol 5

23rd Energy Level

181,380.00 kJ/mol 5

24th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol 34

25th Energy Level

717.30 kJ/mol 24

26th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol 35

27th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol 36

28th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol 41

29th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol 42

30th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol 38

Electrochemical Equivalent

0.29 g/amp-hr 78

Electron Work Function

4.10 eV 32

Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Atomic

Atomic Number

25 81

Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²

Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Crystal Lattice

BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100

Atom

Number of Protons

25 80

Number of Neutrons

30 61

Number of Electrons

25 80

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

127.00 pm 49

Covalent Radius

139.00 pm 47

Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm 35

Atomic Weight

54.94 amu 75

Atomic Volume

1.39 cm3/mol 82

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

220.00 (-eV) 2

Lattice Constant

891.25 pm 1

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.55 45

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

7.21 g/cm³ 62

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

5.95 g/cm3 72

Tensile Strength

370.00 MPa 11

Viscosity

0.00 2

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa) 12

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa) 30

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

40.00 GPa 19

Bulk Modulus

120.00 GPa 14

Young's Modulus

198.00 GPa 13

Poisson Ratio

0.30 14

Other Mechanical Properties

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

7.21 60

Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m 7

Susceptibility

0.00 12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

1.44 nΩ·m 67

Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω 68

Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol 49

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.48 J/(kg K) 11

Molar Heat Capacity

26.32 J/mol·K 37

Thermal Conductivity

7.81 W/m·K 71

Critical Temperature

1,519.00 K 40

Thermal Expansion

21.70 µm/(m·K) 22

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

219.70 kJ/mol 62

Enthalpy of Fusion

14.64 kJ/mol 25

Enthalpy of Atomization

280.30 kJ/mol 49

Standard Molar Entropy

32.00 J/mol.K 65

Periodic Table >>

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