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What is Manganese?
Manganese


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Mn 0
Group Number
7 11
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block 0
Element Family
Transition Metal 0
CAS Number
7439965 82
Space Group Name
I_ 43m 0
Space Group Number
217.00 4
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
0
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn 0
Discovery
In 1774 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 % 8
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 % 8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 % 8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 % 8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 13
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
0
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry 0
Medical Uses
NA 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3 14
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m. 8
Physical
0
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C 37
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C 51
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Silver 0
Luster
Metallic 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
6.00 6
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa 41
Vickers Hardness
Not Available 0
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s 7
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Mn 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
21 18
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55 25
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20 7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60 9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allen Electronegativity
1.75 15
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45 29
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol 30
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol 39
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol 21
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol 20
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol 17
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol 16
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol 16
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol 5
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol 6
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol 9
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol 10
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol 10
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol 11
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol 10
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol 13
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol 1
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol 2
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol 3
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol 4
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol 6
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol 6
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol 5
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol 5
24th Energy Level
Not Available 100
25th Energy Level
Not Available 100
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr 74
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV 25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
25 81
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2 0
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC) 0
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
25 80
Number of Neutrons
30 60
Number of Electrons
25 80
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm 47
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm 45
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm 28
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu 75
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol 64
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
29 0
Next Element
7 0
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV) 2
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm 1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available 0
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3 57
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3 43
Tensile Strength
Not Available 0
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available 0
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
Not Available 0
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa 14
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa 12
Poisson Ratio
Not Available 0
Other Mechanical Properties
NA 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
7.21 44
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Conductor 0
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m 55
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω 63
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol 40
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K) 11
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K 29
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K 68
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K) 21
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol 41
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol 23
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol 38
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K 48
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