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Rhodium vs Tungsten

Rhodium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
W  
Group Number
9  
9
6  
12
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
-  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
3,430.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
4,620.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.10  
11
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.36  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
0.98  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.40  
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.36  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.47  
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
110  
28
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
17.60 g/cm3  
15
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
19.22  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
3,695.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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