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Tungsten vs Rhodium

Tungsten
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Rh   
Group Number
6   
12
9   
9
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1781   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
2.28   
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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