Tungsten vs Rhodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
W
Rh
Group Number
6
12
9
9
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440337
99+
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1781
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
18
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
35
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C
1
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C
1
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.50
2
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa
4
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa
1
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s
16
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
62.00 %
13
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36
2
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98
23
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40
19
1.45
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.47
29
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64
99+
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol
16
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol
29
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
58
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm
29
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu
37
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm
99+
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3
16
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3
5
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa
10
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa
5
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa
4
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa
4
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.22
9
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m
99+
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol
13
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K
7
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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