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Tungsten vs Vanadium

Tungsten
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
V  
Group Number
6  
12
5  
13
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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