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Vanadium vs Molybdenum

Vanadium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
Mo  
Group Number
5  
13
6  
12
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7439987  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1778  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
2,617.00 °C  
5
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
4,612.00 °C  
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
1,400.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
5,400.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
58.00 %  
25
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
Mo  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
2.16  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
1.15  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
2.16  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
2.16  
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
1.84  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.60 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
42  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
42  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
54  
99+
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
42  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
154.00 pm  
34
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
95.95 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
88.60 (-eV)  
13
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
314.70 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.03  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
10.28 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
324.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
126.00 GPa  
8
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
329.00 GPa  
6
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
10.22  
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
29
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
138.00 W/m·K  
12
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
2,896.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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