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Molybdenum vs Vanadium

Molybdenum
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo  
V  
Group Number
6  
12
5  
13
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439987  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1778  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C  
5
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C  
9
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa  
7
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa  
11
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s  
9
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
58.00 %  
25
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mo  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16  
6
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15  
34
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.16  
7
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
2.16  
3
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84  
99+
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV  
17
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
42  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
42  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
54  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
42  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm  
34
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Niobium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Technetium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)  
13
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.03  
99+
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3  
39
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa  
15
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
5
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa  
8
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa  
6
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.22  
40
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
29
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K  
12
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
2,896.00 K  
6
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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