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Vanadium vs Osmium

Vanadium
Osmium
Osmium vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
Os  
Group Number
5  
13
8  
10
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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