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Osmium vs Vanadium

Osmium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
V  
Group Number
8  
10
5  
13
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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