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Osmium vs Vanadium

Osmium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
V   
Group Number
8   
10
5   
13
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
76   
39
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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