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Osmium vs Ruthenium


Ruthenium vs Osmium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Os   
Ru   

Group Number
8   
10
8   
10

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440188   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  

Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Karl Ernst Claus   

Discovery
In 1803   
In 1844   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
4 * 10-7 %   
20

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000005 %   
22

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
26

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
38

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
2,250.00 °C   
8

Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
3,900.00 °C   
14

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
6.50   
5

Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
2,160.00 MPa   
3

Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
5,970.00 m/s   
4

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Os   
Ru   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.20   
4

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.42   
18

Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.54   
25

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.80   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
710.20 kJ/mol   
32

2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.71 eV   
9

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
76   
40
44   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
76   
39
44   
99+

Number of Neutrons
114   
25
57   
99+

Number of Electrons
76   
39
44   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
Not Available   
146.00 pm   
38

Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
101.07 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Technetium
  

Next Element
Iridium
  
Rhodium
  

Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
64.00 (-eV)   
22

Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
270.59 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
1.58   
11

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
12.45 g/cm3   
27

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
10.65 g/cm3   
16

Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
0.00 (Pa)   
23

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
173.00 GPa   
4

Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
220.00 GPa   
7

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
447.00 GPa   
3

Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.30   
14

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
12.45   
19

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
71.00 nΩ·m   
38

Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16

Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
101.30 kJ/mol   
10

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24

Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
117.00 W/m·K   
13

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
567.80 kJ/mol   
10

Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
25.50 kJ/mol   
7

Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
603.00 kJ/mol   
9

Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+

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