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Osmium vs Scandium

Osmium
Scandium
Scandium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Sc  
Group Number
8  
10
3  
15
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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