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What is Calcium?
Calcium


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Ca 0
Group Number
2 16
Period Number
4 4
Block
s block 0
Element Family
Alkaline Earth 0
CAS Number
7440702 21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m 0
Space Group Number
225.00 2
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
0
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy 0
Discovery
In 1808 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 % 3
Abundance In Sun
~0.007 % 4
Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 % 4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 % 3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 5
Abundance In Humans
1.40 % 1
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
0
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry 0
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Non Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3 4
In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m. 1
Physical
0
Melting Point
839.00 °C 52
Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C 58
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Gray 0
Luster
NA 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
1.75 17
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa 44
Vickers Hardness
Not Available 0
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s 19
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Ca 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
19 20
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.00 45
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95 24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04 34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08 17
Allen Electronegativity
1.03 39
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
3.00 9
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol 57
2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol 69
3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol 7
4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol 7
5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol 7
6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol 8
7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol 12
8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol 15
9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol 12
10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol 16
11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol 3
12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol 3
13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol 3
14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol 4
15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol 5
16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol 6
17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol 7
18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol 8
19th Energy Level
Not Available 100
20th Energy Level
Not Available 100
21st Energy Level
Not Available 0
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr 64
Electron Work Function
2.87 eV 38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
20 86
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2 0
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC) 0
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
20 85
Number of Neutrons
20 64
Number of Electrons
20 85
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
197.00 pm 6
Covalent Radius
176.00 pm 22
Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm 19
Atomic Weight
40.08 amu 80
Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol 7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
9 0
Next Element
60 0
Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV) 53
Lattice Constant
558.84 pm 9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available 0
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3 80
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3 57
Tensile Strength
Not Available 0
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa) 3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available 0
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa 45
Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa 43
Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa 46
Poisson Ratio
0.31 13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
4.58 57
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Conductor 0
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m 48
Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω 6
Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol 39
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K) 7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K 34
Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K 5
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K) 19
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol 47
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol 41
Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol 46
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K 36
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