Symbol
U
  
Nd
  
Period Number
7
  
6
  
Block
f block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Actinide
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
Cmcm
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available
  
Carl Auer von Welsbach
  
Discovery
In 1789
  
In 1885
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
~0.0000003 %
  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
-
Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C
  
39
1,010.00 °C
  
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C
  
16
3,127.00 °C
  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Gray
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa
  
2
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa
  
2
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s
  
25
2,330.00 m/s
  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
U
  
Nd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol
  
99+
533.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,040.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,130.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,900.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.79 g/amp-hr
  
37
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
  
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
  
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol
  
40
20.60 cm3/mol
  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
  
4
43.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3
  
17
7.01 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
  
NA
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
  
37
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
  
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K
  
15
27.45 J/mol·K
  
17
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K
  
40
16.50 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)
  
27
9.60 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol
  
13
273.00 kJ/mol
  
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
  
19
7.14 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol
  
14
322.00 kJ/mol
  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K
  
31
71.50 J/mol.K
  
13