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What is Thorium?
Thorium


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Th 0
Group Number
0 18
Period Number
7 1
Block
f block 0
Element Family
Actinide 0
CAS Number
7440326 49
Space Group Name
P63/mmc 0
Space Group Number
194.00 5
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
0
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius 0
Discovery
In 1829 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 % 9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 % 9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 % 11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 % 7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 15
Abundance In Humans
Not Available 0
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
0
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry 0
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing 0
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Non Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 33
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m. 29
Physical
0
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C 17
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C 8
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Silver 0
Luster
NA 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
3.00 12
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa 29
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa 29
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s 36
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Th 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
28 11
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30 32
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11 29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70 22
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol 60
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol 73
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol 77
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol 67
5th Energy Level
Not Available 0
6th Energy Level
Not Available 0
7th Energy level
Not Available 0
8th Energy Level
Not Available 0
9th Energy Level
Not Available 0
10th Energy Level
Not Available 0
11th Energy Level
Not Available 0
12th Energy Level
Not Available 0
13th Energy Level
Not Available 0
14th Energy Level
Not Available 0
15th Energy Level
Not Available 0
16th Energy Level
Not Available 0
17th Energy Level
Not Available 0
18th Energy Level
Not Available 0
19th Energy Level
Not Available 0
20th Energy Level
Not Available 0
21st Energy Level
Not Available 0
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr 24
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV 32
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
90 28
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2 0
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC) 0
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
90 28
Number of Neutrons
142 15
Number of Electrons
90 28
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm 15
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm 7
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm 15
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu 23
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol 20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
53 0
Next Element
85 0
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV) 23
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm 14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available 0
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3 32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available 0
Tensile Strength
Not Available 0
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 22
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa 21
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa 22
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa 24
Poisson Ratio
0.27 20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
11.70 23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Superconductor 0
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m 22
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω 31
Electron Affinity
Not Available 0
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K) 40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K 30
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K 28
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K) 36
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol 15
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol 19
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol 15
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K 56
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