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Plutonium vs Americium

Plutonium
Americium
Americium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Am   
Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440359   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1944   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
994.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
2,607.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Am   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
95   
23
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
95   
23
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
148   
12
Number of Electrons
94   
24
95   
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
173.00 pm   
21
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
180.00 pm   
21
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
244.00 pm   
10
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
243.00 amu   
20
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
44.00 (-eV)   
40
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
346.81 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
12.00 g/cm3   
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
13.67   
15
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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