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Americium vs Plutonium

Americium
Plutonium
Plutonium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
Pu   
Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7440075   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P121/m1   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
11.00   
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Discovery
In 1944   
In Between 1940 1941   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
639.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
3,235.00 °C   
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
Pu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.28   
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.22   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.72   
21
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
94   
24
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
94   
24
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
150   
11
Number of Electrons
95   
23
94   
24
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
244.00 amu   
19
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Neptunium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Americium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
64.90 (-eV)   
21
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
618.30 pm   
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
19.82 g/cm3   
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
43.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
96.00 GPa   
21
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
19.84   
7
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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