Americium vs Berkelium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Am
Bk
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
7
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440359
99+
7440406
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In 1944
In 1949
Abundance
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
- In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C
99+
986.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C
99+
2,627.00 °C
40
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am
Bk
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
16
23
14
25
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
2.70
1
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
99+
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr
17
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95
23
97
21
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
95
23
97
21
Number of Neutrons
148
12
150
11
Number of Electrons
95
23
97
21
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm
21
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm
21
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm
10
Not Available
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu
20
247.00 amu
18
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol
29
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)
40
45.50 (-eV)
36
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm
99+
341.60 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3
30
14.78 g/cm3
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
13.25 g/cm3
11
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
13
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.67
15
14.00
14
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m
99+
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)
99+
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K
1
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol
24
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol
40
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
|
||
|
||
|
