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Berkelium vs Protactinium

Berkelium
Protactinium
Protactinium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Pa   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440133   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I4/mmm   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
139.00   
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1949   
In 1900   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
1,568.00 °C   
21
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
4,027.00 °C   
12
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Pa   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.50   
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.14   
28
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.50   
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
91   
27
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
91   
27
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
122   
21
Number of Electrons
97   
21
91   
27
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
163.00 pm   
25
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
11
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
243.00 pm   
11
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
231.04 amu   
24
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Thorium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Uranium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
92.00 (-eV)   
11
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
392.50 pm   
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
15.37 g/cm3   
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
15.37   
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
47.00 W/m·K   
32
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
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