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Protactinium vs Berkelium

Protactinium
Berkelium
Berkelium vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa   
Bk   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440133   
99+
7440406   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1900   
In 1949   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C   
21
986.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C   
12
2,627.00 °C   
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa   
Bk   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
14   
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.70   
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91   
27
97   
21
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91   
27
97   
21
Number of Neutrons
122   
21
150   
11
Number of Electrons
91   
27
97   
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm   
25
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm   
11
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm   
11
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu   
24
247.00 amu   
18
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)   
11
45.50 (-eV)   
36
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm   
23
341.60 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3   
20
14.78 g/cm3   
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
13.25 g/cm3   
11
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37   
12
14.00   
14
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K   
32
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
Not Available   
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