Berkelium vs Plutonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk
Pu
Group Number
Not Available
0
18
Period Number
7
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440406
99+
7440075
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P121/m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
11.00
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Discovery
In 1949
In Between 1940 1941
Abundance
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C
99+
639.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C
40
3,235.00 °C
24
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,260.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk
Pu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
14
25
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.28
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.22
26
Allen Electronegativity
2.70
1
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.72
21
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97
21
94
24
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
97
21
94
24
Number of Neutrons
150
11
150
11
Number of Electrons
97
21
94
24
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
159.00 pm
28
Covalent Radius
Not Available
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu
18
244.00 amu
19
Atomic Volume
Not Available
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)
36
64.90 (-eV)
21
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm
99+
618.30 pm
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3
22
19.82 g/cm3
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3
11
16.63 g/cm3
8
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
2.20 (Pa)
12
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
Not Available
96.00 GPa
21
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
14.00
14
19.84
7
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
35.50 J/mol·K
3
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
6.74 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
344.00 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
360.00 kJ/mol
26
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
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