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Berkelium vs Californium

Berkelium
Californium
Californium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Cf   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1949   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
153   
9
Number of Electrons
97   
21
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
186.00 pm   
9
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
Periodic Table >>
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