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Californium vs Fermium

Californium
Fermium
Fermium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Fm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440724   
19
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1952   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
1,527.00 °C   
26
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Unknown   
Luster
NA   
Not Defined   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Fm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
18   
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
627.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,225.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,363.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,792.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
3.20 g/amp-hr   
13
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
100   
18
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Rn] 5f12 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Not Known   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
100   
18
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
157   
7
Number of Electrons
98   
20
100   
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
245.00 pm   
9
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
257.00 amu   
15
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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