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Fermium vs Californium

Fermium
Californium
Californium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm   
Cf   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440724   
19
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1952   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C   
26
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
Not Available   
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silver   
Luster
Not Defined   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fm   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18   
21
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr   
13
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
100   
18
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Not Known   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100   
18
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
153   
9
Number of Electrons
100   
18
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
186.00 pm   
9
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm   
9
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu   
15
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
Not Available   
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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