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Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Group Number
3 15
Period Number
6 2
Block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440122 67
Space Group Name
-
Space Group Number
194.00 7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 40
Abundance In Sun
-
Abundance In Meteorites
-
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 60
Abundance In Oceans
-
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
-
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
-
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m. 41
Physical
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C 43
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C 32
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
-
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
-
Brinell Hardness
400.00 MPa 34
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa 28
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s 58
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.70 27
Reflectivity
63.00 % 20
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27 12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13 43
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13 36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07 33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13 42
Allen Electronegativity
1.13 53
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20 39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 73
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol 79
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol 70
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol 48
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 66
6th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 79
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 70
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 68
9th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 67
10th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 66
11th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 71
12th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 74
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 63
14th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 50
15th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol 63
16th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol 51
17th Energy Level
540.50 kJ/mol 77
18th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol 65
19th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 78
20th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 68
21st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 79
22nd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 63
23rd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 78
24th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 73
25th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 66
26th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 75
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 70
28th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 73
29th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 76
30th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol 70
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr 40
Electron Work Function
5.30 eV 5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
61 55
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61 54
Number of Neutrons
84 41
Number of Electrons
61 54
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm 12
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm 12
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm 20
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu 49
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol 21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
13
Next Element
50
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV) 40
Lattice Constant
-
Lattice Angles
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63 14
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3 61
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.26 g/cm3 59
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa 30
Viscosity
0.00 25
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 31
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa 46
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa 47
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa 42
Poisson Ratio
0.28 17
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26 59
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 11
Susceptibility
0.00 25
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m 76
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω 71
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol 26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K) 34
Molar Heat Capacity
27.60 J/mol·K 20
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K 48
Critical Temperature
1,315.00 K 48
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K) 57
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.00 kJ/mol 52
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol 50
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol 45
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K 30
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