Dysprosium vs Thulium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Dy
Tm
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7429916
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
- Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1886
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
- Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C
32
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa
23
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa
20
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s
33
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Dy
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
1.25
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol
99+
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
66
99+
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
66
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
96
35
100
32
Number of Electrons
66
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm
16
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm
17
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
Not Available
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu
99+
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol
23
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)
32
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm
37
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
15
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm3
99+
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm3
25
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.06 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa
31
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa
31
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa
33
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
0.25
25
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.55
38
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m
2
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K
14
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K
99+
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol
39
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol
32
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
36
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K
7
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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