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Dysprosium vs Thulium

Dysprosium
Thulium
Thulium vs Dysprosium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Dy   
Tm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7429916   
99+
7440304   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
  • Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Per Teodor Cleve   
Discovery
In 1886   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.00000002 %   
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
  • Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C   
32
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C   
99+
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa   
23
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa   
20
520.00 MPa   
21
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s   
33
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Dy   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
1.25   
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
66   
99+
69   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
66   
99+
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
96   
35
100   
32
Number of Electrons
66   
99+
69   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm   
16
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol   
23
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Terbium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Holmium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)   
32
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm   
37
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
15
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm3   
25
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa   
31
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa   
31
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa   
33
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
25
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.55   
38
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m   
2
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K   
14
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K   
99+
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol   
39
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol   
32
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K   
7
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
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