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What is Lead?
Lead


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Pb 0
Group Number
14 4
Period Number
6 2
Block
p block 0
Element Family
Post-​Transition 0
CAS Number
7439921 86
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m 0
Space Group Number
225.00 2
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
0
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Unknown 0
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE) 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 % 16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 % 18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 8
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
0
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry 0
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3 11
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m. 10
Physical
0
Melting Point
327.50 °C 67
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C 53
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Gray 0
Luster
Metallic 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
1.50 18
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa 49
Vickers Hardness
Not Available 0
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s 52
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Pb 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
35 4
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87 13
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29 4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55 11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41 2
Allen Electronegativity
1.85 8
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67 51
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol 31
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol 43
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol 23
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol 35
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol 20
6th Energy Level
Not Available 0
7th Energy level
Not Available 0
8th Energy Level
Not Available 0
9th Energy Level
Not Available 0
10th Energy Level
Not Available 0
11th Energy Level
Not Available 0
12th Energy Level
Not Available 0
13th Energy Level
Not Available 0
14th Energy Level
Not Available 0
15th Energy Level
Not Available 0
16th Energy Level
Not Available 0
17th Energy Level
Not Available 0
18th Energy Level
Not Available 0
19th Energy Level
Not Available 0
20th Energy Level
Not Available 0
21st Energy Level
Not Available 0
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr 9
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV 21
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
82 34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 0
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC) 0
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
82 34
Number of Neutrons
125 19
Number of Electrons
82 34
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm 19
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm 38
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm 27
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu 30
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol 27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
46 0
Next Element
23 0
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV) 57
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm 16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available 0
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3 33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3 15
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa 20
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa) 7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available 0
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa 47
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa 24
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa 48
Poisson Ratio
0.44 3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
11.35 25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor 0
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m 16
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω 36
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol 28
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K) 39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K 26
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K 38
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K) 13
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol 43
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol 53
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol 45
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K 17
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