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Polonium vs Bismuth

Polonium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Bi   
Group Number
16   
2
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
70.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
126   
18
Number of Electrons
84   
32
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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