Bismuth vs Osmium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Os
Group Number
15
3
8
10
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440042
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
12.00
12
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
In 1753
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
3 * 10-7 %
21
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
Not Available
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
3,045.00 °C
3
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
5,027.00 °C
6
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
3,490.00 MPa
1
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Os
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
2.20
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.52
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
840.00 kJ/mol
12
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
Not Available
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.83 eV
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
76
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
76
39
Number of Neutrons
126
18
114
25
Number of Electrons
83
33
76
39
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
133.80 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
190.23 amu
35
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
91.40 (-eV)
12
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
273.44 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
22.59 g/cm3
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
20.00 g/cm3
1
Tensile Strength
Not Available
1,000.00 MPa
4
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
28
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
222.00 GPa
1
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
462.00 GPa
1
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
22.57
2
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
81.20 nΩ·m
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
87.60 W/m·K
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
29.30 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
669.00 kJ/mol
6
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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