What is Bismuth?

Bismuth

Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

15 3

Period Number

6 2

Block

p block

Element Family

Post-Transition

CAS Number

7440699 22

Space Group Name

C12/m1

Space Group Number

12.00 15

Facts

Interesting Facts

Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.

It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.

Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

History

Who Discovered

Claude François Geoffroy

Discovery

In 1753

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 % 26

Abundance In Sun

0.00 % 14

Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 % 42

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 % 51

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 % 24

Abundance In Humans

0.00 % 24

Uses

Uses & Benefits

Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.

Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

Other Uses

Alloys

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Low Toxic

Present in Human Body

Yes

In Blood

0.02 Blood/mg dm-3 20

In Bone

0.20 p.p.m. 27

Physical

Melting Point

271.30 °C 70

Boiling Point

1,560.00 °C 59

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silver

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

2.25 16

Brinell Hardness

70.00 MPa 61

Vickers Hardness

30.00 MPa 67

Speed of Sound

1,790.00 m/s 63

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

2.50 5

Reflectivity

70.00 % 13

Allotropes

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

33 6

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

2.02 7

Sanderson Electronegativity

2.34 3

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.67 7

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.15 8

Allen Electronegativity

2.01 5

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

1.98 48

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 35

2nd Energy Level

1,610.00 kJ/mol 34

3rd Energy Level

2,466.00 kJ/mol 49

4th Energy Level

4,370.00 kJ/mol 38

5th Energy Level

5,400.00 kJ/mol 66

6th Energy Level

8,520.00 kJ/mol 29

7th Energy level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 41

8th Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 37

9th Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 34

10th Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 38

11th Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 36

12th Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 54

13th Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 32

14th Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 22

15th Energy Level

70,300.00 kJ/mol 28

16th Energy Level

70,300.00 kJ/mol 23

17th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 43

18th Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 34

19th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 40

20th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 34

21st Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 12

22nd Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 28

23rd Energy Level

7,030.00 kJ/mol 10

24th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 27

25th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 29

26th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 28

27th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 29

28th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 34

29th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 35

30th Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol 29

Electrochemical Equivalent

2.60 g/amp-hr 23

Electron Work Function

4.22 eV 29

Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Atomic

Atomic Number

83 33

Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

Crystal Structure

Rhombohedral (RHO)

Crystal Lattice

RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100

Atom

Number of Protons

83 33

Number of Neutrons

126 19

Number of Electrons

83 33

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

156.00 pm 31

Covalent Radius

148.00 pm 38

Van der Waals Radius

207.00 pm 33

Atomic Weight

208.98 amu 29

Atomic Volume

21.30 cm3/mol 23

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

41.90 (-eV) 45

Lattice Constant

667.40 pm 2

Lattice Angles

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.86 4

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

9.78 g/cm³ 43

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

10.05 g/cm3 41

Tensile Strength

32.00 MPa 43

Viscosity

0.00 29

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa) 22

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa) 24

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

12.00 GPa 53

Bulk Modulus

31.00 GPa 49

Young's Modulus

32.00 GPa 49

Poisson Ratio

0.33 11

Other Mechanical Properties

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

9.79 44

Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m 20

Susceptibility

0.00 36

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Semiconductor

Resistivity

1.29 nΩ·m 69

Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω 65

Electron Affinity

91.20 kJ/mol 13

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K) 42

Molar Heat Capacity

25.52 J/mol·K 46

Thermal Conductivity

7.97 W/m·K 70

Critical Temperature

544.00 K 71

Thermal Expansion

13.40 µm/(m·K) 34

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

151.00 kJ/mol 68

Enthalpy of Fusion

10.90 kJ/mol 39

Enthalpy of Atomization

207.10 kJ/mol 56

Standard Molar Entropy

56.70 J/mol.K 32

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