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What is Thallium?
Thallium


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Tl 0
Group Number
13 5
Period Number
6 2
Block
p block 0
Element Family
Post-​Transition 0
CAS Number
7440280 52
Space Group Name
P63/mmc 0
Space Group Number
194.00 5
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
0
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
William Crookes 0
Discovery
In 1861 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 % 32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 % 26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 41
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 42
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 34
Abundance In Humans
Not Available 0
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
0
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry 0
Medical Uses
Medical Research 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Highly Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 34
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m. 33
Physical
0
Melting Point
303.50 °C 69
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C 60
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Silvery White 0
Luster
NA 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
1.20 20
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa 50
Vickers Hardness
Not Available 0
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s 53
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Tl 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
32 7
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62 21
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25 5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44 17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96 6
Allen Electronegativity
1.79 13
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38 33
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol 58
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol 14
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol 32
4th Energy Level
Not Available 0
5th Energy Level
Not Available 0
6th Energy Level
Not Available 0
7th Energy level
Not Available 0
8th Energy Level
Not Available 0
9th Energy Level
Not Available 0
10th Energy Level
Not Available 0
11th Energy Level
Not Available 0
12th Energy Level
Not Available 0
13th Energy Level
Not Available 0
14th Energy Level
Not Available 0
15th Energy Level
Not Available 0
16th Energy Level
Not Available 0
17th Energy Level
Not Available 0
18th Energy Level
Not Available 0
19th Energy Level
Not Available 0
20th Energy Level
Not Available 0
21st Energy Level
Not Available 0
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr 2
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV 28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
81 35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 0
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) 0
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
81 35
Number of Neutrons
123 20
Number of Electrons
81 35
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm 22
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm 39
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm 30
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu 31
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol 31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
8 0
Next Element
18 0
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV) 64
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm 45
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60 6
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3 31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3 13
Tensile Strength
Not Available 0
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa) 5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available 0
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa 51
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa 28
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa 54
Poisson Ratio
0.45 2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
11.85 22
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Conductor 0
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m 70
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω 32
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol 32
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K) 39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K 29
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K 33
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K) 12
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol 45
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol 54
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol 48
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K 19
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