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Polonium vs Flerovium

Polonium
Flerovium
Flerovium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Fl  
Group Number
16  
2
14  
4
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
54085164  
5
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
-  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
198.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Flerovium is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
-  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1999  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Currently known uses of Flerovium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
67.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
147.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
450.00 MPa  
38
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
-  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
Fl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.60  
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
823.90 kJ/mol  
13
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
1,601.60 kJ/mol  
35
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,367.30 kJ/mol  
18
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
4,399.70 kJ/mol  
37
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
11,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
24
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
1,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
67,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
1,144.00 kJ/mol  
17
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
1,127.50 kJ/mol  
16
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
800.00 kJ/mol  
24
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
670.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
800.00 kJ/mol  
18
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
800.10 kJ/mol  
17
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
114  
4
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Flerovium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
114  
4
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
184  
2
Number of Electrons
84  
32
114  
4
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
171.00 pm  
26
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
289.00 amu  
3
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
14.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Nihonium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Moscovium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
14.00 g/cm3  
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
14.00 g/cm3  
24
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
35.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
15.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
5.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
340.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
337.40 kJ/mol  
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
14.50 kJ/mol  
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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