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What is Gallium?
Gallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Group Number
13 5
Period Number
4 4
Block
p block
Element Family
Post-​Transition
CAS Number
7440553 32
Space Group Name
Cmca
Space Group Number
64.00 12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3 13
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m. 41
Physical
Melting Point
29.78 °C 79
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C 49
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50 19
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa 62
Vickers Hardness
111.00 MPa 62
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s 45
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.81 20
Reflectivity
36.00 % 33
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24 15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81 16
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42 2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82 2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01 9
Allen Electronegativity
1.76 17
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19 40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 64
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol 13
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol 28
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol 16
5th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol 56
6th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol 68
7th Energy level
5,780.00 kJ/mol 61
8th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol 59
9th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol 57
10th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol 59
11th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol 64
12th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol 20
13th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol 53
14th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol 85
15th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol 54
16th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol 43
17th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 67
18th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol 55
19th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 65
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol 60
21st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 71
22nd Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol 55
23rd Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 70
24th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 56
25th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol 57
26th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 63
27th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 59
28th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 63
29th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 65
30th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 60
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr 65
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV 30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic
Atomic Number
31 76
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31 75
Number of Neutrons
39 58
Number of Electrons
31 75
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm 44
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm 55
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm 39
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu 70
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol 60
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
21
Next Element
45
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV) 19
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm 20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.30 55
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3 72
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3 71
Tensile Strength
41.00 MPa 41
Viscosity
0.00 23
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.20 GPa 57
Bulk Modulus
37.30 GPa 44
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa 68
Poisson Ratio
0.47 1
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91 70
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 11
Susceptibility
0.00 7
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m 15
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω 34
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol 37
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K) 16
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K 44
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K 34
Critical Temperature
302.00 K 76
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K) 26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol 57
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol 58
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol 50
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K 53
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