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What is Gallium?
Gallium


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Ga 0
Group Number
13 5
Period Number
4 4
Block
p block 0
Element Family
Post-​Transition 0
CAS Number
7440553 32
Space Group Name
Cmca 0
Space Group Number
64.00 9
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
0
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran 0
Discovery
In 1875 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 % 16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 % 16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available 0
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
0
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry 0
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Non Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3 13
In Bone
Not Available 0
Physical
0
Melting Point
29.78 °C 79
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C 47
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Silvery White 0
Luster
Metallic 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
1.50 18
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa 47
Vickers Hardness
Not Available 0
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s 31
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Ga 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
24 15
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81 15
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42 2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82 1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01 5
Allen Electronegativity
1.76 14
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19 39
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol 64
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol 13
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol 28
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol 8
5th Energy Level
Not Available 0
6th Energy Level
Not Available 0
7th Energy level
Not Available 0
8th Energy Level
Not Available 0
9th Energy Level
Not Available 0
10th Energy Level
Not Available 0
11th Energy Level
Not Available 0
12th Energy Level
Not Available 0
13th Energy Level
Not Available 0
14th Energy Level
Not Available 0
15th Energy Level
Not Available 0
16th Energy Level
Not Available 0
17th Energy Level
Not Available 0
18th Energy Level
Not Available 0
19th Energy Level
Not Available 0
20th Energy Level
Not Available 0
21st Energy Level
Not Available 0
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr 61
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV 23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
31 76
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 0
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH) 0
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
31 75
Number of Neutrons
39 57
Number of Electrons
31 75
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm 42
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm 52
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm 32
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu 70
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol 42
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
21 0
Next Element
45 0
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV) 19
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm 18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available 0
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3 67
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3 42
Tensile Strength
Not Available 0
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available 0
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
Not Available 0
Bulk Modulus
Not Available 0
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa 53
Poisson Ratio
0.47 1
Other Mechanical Properties
NA 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
5.91 54
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Semiconductor 0
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m 15
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω 29
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol 31
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K) 16
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K 35
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K 34
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K) 24
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol 36
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol 51
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol 39
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K 38
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