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Indium vs Polonium

Indium
Polonium
Polonium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Po   
Group Number
13   
5
16   
2
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
Not Available   
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