Indium vs Polonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Po
Group Number
13
5
16
2
Period Number
5
6
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440746
17
7440086
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
139.00
8
221.00
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1863
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
254.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
2.48
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
812.10 kJ/mol
14
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
Not Available
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
84
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
84
32
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
49
99+
84
32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
168.00 pm
23
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
197.00 pm
29
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
209.00 amu
28
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
Not Available
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
335.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
9.20 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
9.40 g/cm3
19
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
Not Available
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