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Indium vs Bismuth

Indium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Bi   
Group Number
13   
5
15   
3
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
Not Available   
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
70.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
126   
18
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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