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Indium vs Bismuth

Indium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In  
Bi  
Group Number
13  
5
15  
3
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440746  
17
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1863  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
156.61 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.01 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
3.41  
1
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
In  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78  
17
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14  
9
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49  
14
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76  
18
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.66  
21
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22  
38
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
19
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
40
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
26
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
55,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
5,581.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV  
31
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
49  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
66  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
49  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm  
26
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm  
38
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)  
26
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa  
99+
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
11
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
46.90 GPa  
27
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
34
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω  
20
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K  
21
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
429.75 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K  
27
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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