Bismuth vs Indium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
In
Group Number
15
3
13
5
Period Number
6
5
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440746
17
Space Group Name
C12/m1
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
12.00
12
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1753
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
Not Available
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
8.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
66
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
Not Available
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
57.80 J/mol.K
22
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