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Indium Polonium Comparison

Indium
Polonium
Polonium Indium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
In  
Po  
Group Number
13  
5
16  
2
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440746  
17
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1863  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
156.61 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.01 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
3.41  
1
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
In  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78  
17
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14  
9
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49  
14
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76  
18
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.66  
21
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22  
38
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
19
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
40
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
55,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
5,581.00 kJ/mol  
24
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV  
31
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
49  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
66  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
49  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm  
26
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm  
38
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)  
26
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
11
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
46.90 GPa  
27
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
34
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω  
20
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K  
21
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
429.75 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K  
27
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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