Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
I4/mmm
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Mining, Ores of metals
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1898
In 1863
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available