Osmium vs Thallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Tl
Group Number
8
10
13
5
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440280
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
William Crookes
Discovery
In 1803
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
5 * 10-9 %
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
34
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
303.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
1,457.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
26.50 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
818.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Tl
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.62
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.25
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.96
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.79
13
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.38
33
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
589.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol
14
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
7.63 g/amp-hr
2
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
3.84 eV
28
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
81
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
81
35
Number of Neutrons
114
25
123
20
Number of Electrons
76
39
81
35
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
Not Available
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
196.00 pm
30
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
204.38 amu
31
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
17.20 cm3/mol
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
9.60 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
345.66 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
1.60
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
11.85 g/cm3
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
11.22 g/cm3
13
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
16.90 (Pa)
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
2.80 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
43.00 GPa
28
Young's Modulus
Not Available
8.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.45
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
11.85
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
0.18 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.06 106/cm Ω
32
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
19.20 kJ/mol
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
46.10 W/m·K
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)
12
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
162.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
4.27 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
179.90 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
64.20 J/mol.K
19
|
||
|
||
|
