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Thallium vs Tantalum

Thallium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl  
Ta  
Group Number
13  
5
5  
13
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440280  
99+
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
303.50 °C  
99+
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C  
99+
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray Blue  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa  
99+
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
120.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s  
99+
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
8.00 %  
37
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tl  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62  
22
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25  
6
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96  
11
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.79  
16
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38  
33
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV  
39
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
81  
35
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81  
35
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
123  
21
108  
29
Number of Electrons
81  
35
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm  
37
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu  
31
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm  
99+
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
23
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3  
33
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3  
33
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
47.00 MPa  
39
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa  
99+
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa  
99+
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.45  
2
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85  
35
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
28
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K  
33
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
577.00 K  
99+
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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