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Tantalum vs Thallium

Tantalum
Thallium
Thallium vs Tantalum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta  
Tl  
Group Number
5  
13
13  
5
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440257  
99+
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1802  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C  
4
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C  
4
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray Blue  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa  
33
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s  
33
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ta  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33  
23
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.34  
38
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
73  
99+
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
73  
99+
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
108  
29
123  
21
Number of Electrons
73  
99+
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu  
38
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Hafnium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Tungsten
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)  
7
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm  
99+
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.41  
99+
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3  
18
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3  
23
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
180.00 MPa  
20
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa  
13
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa  
8
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa  
14
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
16.65  
20
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K  
27
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
3,290.00 K  
4
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
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