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Tantalum vs Thallium

Tantalum
Thallium
Thallium vs Tantalum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta   
Tl   
Group Number
5   
13
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440257   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1802   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %   
31
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C   
4
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C   
4
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray Blue   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa   
28
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s   
22
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ta   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33   
22
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.34   
33
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
73   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
73   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
108   
28
123   
20
Number of Electrons
73   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu   
38
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Hafnium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Tungsten
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)   
7
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm   
99+
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3   
18
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3   
9
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa   
13
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa   
8
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa   
13
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
16.65   
11
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K   
27
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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