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Tantalum vs Niobium

Tantalum
Niobium
Niobium vs Tantalum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta   
Nb   
Group Number
5   
13
5   
13
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440257   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1802   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %   
31
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C   
4
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C   
4
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray Blue   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa   
28
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s   
22
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ta   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33   
22
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.34   
33
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
73   
99+
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
73   
99+
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
108   
28
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
73   
99+
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu   
38
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Hafnium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Tungsten
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)   
7
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm   
99+
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3   
18
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3   
9
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa   
13
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa   
8
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa   
13
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
16.65   
11
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K   
27
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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