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Osmium vs Bismuth

Osmium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Bi   
Group Number
8   
10
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
Not Available   
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
70.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
126   
18
Number of Electrons
76   
39
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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