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Osmium vs Bismuth

Osmium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Bi  
Group Number
8  
10
15  
3
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
126  
19
Number of Electrons
76  
39
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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