Bismuth vs Yttrium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Y
Group Number
15
3
3
15
Period Number
6
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440655
25
Space Group Name
C12/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
12.00
12
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1753
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
589.00 MPa
22
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
50
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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