Osmium Bismuth Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Bi
Group Number
8
10
15
3
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440699
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
C12/m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1803
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
Not Available
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
70.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
83
33
Number of Neutrons
114
25
126
18
Number of Electrons
76
39
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
Not Available
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
Not Available
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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