Osmium vs Indium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
In
Group Number
8
10
13
5
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440746
17
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
194.00
5
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1803
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
8.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
66
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
Not Available
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
11
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
57.80 J/mol.K
22
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