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Polonium Bismuth Comparison

Polonium
Bismuth
Bismuth Polonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Bi  
Group Number
16  
2
15  
3
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
-  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
126  
19
Number of Electrons
84  
32
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
Summary >>
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