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Bismuth Polonium Comparison

Bismuth
Polonium
Polonium Bismuth comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Po   
Group Number
15   
3
16   
2
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1753   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
125   
19
Number of Electrons
83   
33
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
Not Available   
Summary >>
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