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What is Rubidium?
Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb
Group Number
1 17
Period Number
5 3
Block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
CAS Number
7440177 62
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00 2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 % 18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
Industrial Uses
-
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3 7
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m. 13
Physical
Melting Point
38.89 °C 78
Boiling Point
688.00 °C 76
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.30 26
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa 70
Vickers Hardness
0.22 MPa 71
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s 68
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.54 35
Reflectivity
52.00 % 29
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29 10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82 52
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31 52
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89 41
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69 53
Allen Electronegativity
0.71 65
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18 3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 88
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol 6
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol 11
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol 28
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol 31
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol 31
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol 20
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol 17
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol 18
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol 6
11th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol 81
12th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol 84
13th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol 79
14th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol 58
15th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol 82
16th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol 65
17th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 90
18th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol 77
19th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 90
20th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 80
21st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 89
22nd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 74
23rd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 85
24th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 86
25th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 78
26th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 86
27th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 82
28th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 85
29th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 87
30th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol 81
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr 16
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV 57
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic
Atomic Number
37 75
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
37 74
Number of Neutrons
48 57
Number of Electrons
37 74
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm 3
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm 4
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm 4
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu 69
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol 3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
24
Next Element
37
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV) 69
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm 11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59 28
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3 86
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3 86
Tensile Strength
30.00 MPa 44
Viscosity
0.00 23
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 35
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
2.50 GPa 65
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa 65
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa 72
Poisson Ratio
0.37 7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.53 83
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 11
Susceptibility
0.00 24
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m 26
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω 29
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol 29
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K) 17
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K 7
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K 26
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K 18
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K) 2
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol 82
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol 70
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol 71
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K 5
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