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What is Barium?
Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Group Number
2 16
Period Number
6 2
Block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440393 45
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00 2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovery
In 1772
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 20
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 % 11
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3 15
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m. 9
Physical
Melting Point
725.00 °C 58
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C 66
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25 20
Brinell Hardness
130.00 MPa 57
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa 52
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s 65
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.47 38
Reflectivity
65.00 % 18
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ba
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37 2
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89 51
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68 48
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97 39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88 51
Allen Electronegativity
0.88 61
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11 4
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 83
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol 83
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol 14
4th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 85
5th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 74
6th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 86
7th Energy level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 78
8th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 76
9th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 77
10th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 74
11th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 79
12th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 82
13th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 72
14th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 56
15th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol 72
16th Energy Level
50,270.00 kJ/mol 58
17th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 87
18th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol 72
19th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 86
20th Energy Level
502.00 kJ/mol 76
21st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 86
22nd Energy Level
502.00 kJ/mol 70
23rd Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 82
24th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 82
25th Energy Level
503.00 kJ/mol 74
26th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 82
27th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 77
28th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 80
29th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol 83
30th Energy Level
503.00 kJ/mol 77
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr 24
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV 52
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
56 60
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56 59
Number of Neutrons
81 43
Number of Electrons
56 59
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm 5
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm 5
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm 8
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu 54
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol 6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
40
Next Element
72
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV) 61
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm 17
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57 41
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3 77
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3 79
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa 37
Viscosity
0.00 2
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa) 6
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa 60
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa 59
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa 56
Poisson Ratio
0.22 31
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62 76
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 15
Susceptibility
0.00 24
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m 13
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω 45
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol 42
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K) 31
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K 15
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K 47
Critical Temperature
1,000.00 K 60
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K) 24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol 71
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol 49
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol 61
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K 25
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