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Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Group Number
1 17
Period Number
2 6
Block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
CAS Number
7439932 85
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00 2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Discovery
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 19
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 11
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 22
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 44
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 27
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m. 18
Physical
Melting Point
180.54 °C 73
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C 64
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60 23
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa 67
Vickers Hardness
5.30 MPa 69
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s 6
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.35 41
Reflectivity
95.00 % 2
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Li
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8 30
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98 47
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89 45
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97 39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97 47
Allen Electronegativity
0.91 58
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02 8
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 81
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol 3
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol 4
4th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 84
5th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol 70
6th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol 84
7th Energy level
5,202.00 kJ/mol 76
8th Energy Level
730.00 kJ/mol 85
9th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol 74
10th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol 80
11th Energy Level
5,202.00 kJ/mol 77
12th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol 80
13th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol 70
14th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 89
15th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol 70
16th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol 56
17th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 85
18th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol 87
19th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 84
20th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol 74
21st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 84
22nd Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol 68
23rd Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 80
24th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 80
25th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol 72
26th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 80
27th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 75
28th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 78
29th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol 81
30th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol 75
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr 79
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV 48
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic
Atomic Number
3 92
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3 91
Number of Neutrons
4 69
Number of Electrons
3 91
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm 33
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm 52
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm 42
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu 86
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol 57
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
-
Next Element
25
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV) 63
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm 46
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62 16
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3 89
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3 90
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa 35
Viscosity
0.00 10
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa) 2
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa 61
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa 58
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa 70
Poisson Ratio
0.36 8
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53 87
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 11
Susceptibility
0.00 16
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m 33
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω 22
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol 20
Thermal
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K) 1
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K 57
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K 20
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K 5
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K) 7
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol 72
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol 64
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol 64
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K 68
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